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Bhakti yoga is a spiritual path or spiritual practice within Hinduism focused on the cultivation of love and devotion toward God. It has been defined as a practice of devotion toward God, solely motivated by the sincere, loving desire to please God, rather than the hope of divine reward or the fear of divine punishment.〔''Miracle of Konark''. Asia Press, 1967.〕 It is a means toward a state of spiritual liberation or enlightenment through the "realisation", or the attainment of "oneness" with God.〔Paliwal, B.B. 2005. ''Message of the Purans''. Diamond Pocket Books.〕 ''Bhakti yoga'' is often considered by Hindus to be the easiest way for ordinary people to attain such a spiritually liberated state, because although it is a form of ''yoga'', its practice is not as rigorous as most other yogic schools, and it is possible to practice ''bhakti yoga'' without needing to become a full-time yogi.〔 The origins of Bhakti can be seen in the upanishads, specifically the Shvetashvatara Upanishad.〔Max Muller, Shvetashvatara Upanishad, The Upanishads, Part II, Oxford University Press, page 267〕 The ''Bhagavad Gita'', and the ''Puranas'' are important scriptures that expound the philosophy of ''bhakti yoga''.〔 Hindu movements in which ''bhakti yoga'' is the main practice are called ''bhakti'' movements – the major schools of which are Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism. == Philosophy == (詳細はDevanāgarī: भक्ति) is a Sanskrit term that signifies an attitude of devotion to a personal God which is similar to a number of interpersonal relationships between humans, such as between lovers or friends. The difference is that in ''bhakti'', the relationship is between a soul (that of the devotee) and a "supersoul" (God).〔 ''Bhakti'' is a yogic path, in that the devotee's aim is of loving union with God. While the exact form (deity) through which God is worshiped and the exact nature of the union varies between different schools, the essence of the practice displays remarkable homogeneity.〔〔 The ''Bhagavata Purana'' teaches nine primary forms of ''bhakti'', as explained by Prahlada: (1) ''śravaṇa'' ("listening" to the scriptural stories of Krishna and his companions), (2) ''kīrtana'' ("praising"; this usually refers to ecstatic group singing), (3) ''visnoh smaraṇa'' ("remembering" or fixing the mind on Vishnu), (4) ''pāda-sevana'' (rendering service), (5) ''arcana'' (worshiping an image), (6) ''vandana'' (paying homage), (7) ''dāsya'' (servitude), (8) ''sākhya'' (friendship), and (9) ''ātma-nivedana'' (complete surrender of the self). ''(From ''Bhagavata Purana'', 7.5.23-24.)'' These nine principles of devotional service are described as helping the devotee remain constantly in touch with God. The processes of ''japa'' and internal meditation on the aspirant devotee's ''iṣṭa-devatā'', or chosen deity, are especially popular in most ''bhakti yoga'' schools.〔 The Indians spiritual teacher Meher Baba stated "Out of a number of practices which lead to the ultimate goal of humanity – God-Realisation – ''Bhakti Yoga'' is one of the most important. Almost the whole of humanity is concerned with ''Bhakti Yoga'', which, in simple words, means the art of worship. But it must be understood in all its true aspects, and not merely in a narrow and shallow sense, in which the term is commonly used and interpreted. The profound worship based on the high ideals of philosophy and spirituality, prompted by divine love, doubtless constitutes true ''Bhakti Yoga''.〔Baba, Meher: ''The Path of Love'', Sheriar Press, 2000, pp. 57-58.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bhakti yoga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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